Lecture Method
- Lecture - Oral presentations intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject
- Lecture method is advised to be done inductively so as to encourage 2 ways interaction
Tips for lecturing
- Be prepared
- Announce objective, sequence points
- Start with a problem and interweave evidence or examples to lead to a conclusion
- Eye contact, body language, movement
- Vary your tone of voice
- Design lecture in 15-20 minute blocks
- Use of pauses during the lecture for direct oral questioning
Discussion Method
- Most researchers agree that students learn content best and retain it longer when actively involved in small groups (Tinto, 1992; Chickering and Gamson, 1991; Johnson, 1991)
- Examples of Structures: jigsaw, numbered heads together, round robin
Tips for discussion method
- Keep the discussions moving at a reasonable pace
- Explain how groups will operate and how students will be graded
- Encourages all students to participate
- Assign tasks which allow for a fair division of work
- Create tasks that require interdependence
- Change groups throughout semester
- Be conscious of size
- Allow some testing and test preparation in groups
- Try group competition
Role-playing Method
Role playing, a derivative of a sociodrama, is a method for exploring the issues involved in complex social situations. It may be used for the training of professionals or in a classroom for the understanding of literature, history, and even science.
Role playing as simulation
Illustration of real-life or hypothetical situations that help learners to visualize concepts and principles
Demonstration Method
A concrete experience that can be considered as advance organizer for structuring subsequent information and activities into a meaningful, instructional framework for students.
Functions of Demonstration
- Initiating thinking
- Illustrating a concept, principle or point
- Answering a question
- Reviewing Ideas
- Introducing or concluding units
Tips for demonstrating
- Materials and equipment should be planned and collected well in advance of the actual presentation
- Ensuring visibility
- Focusing student attention
- Trying out the demonstration before hand
Field Work
Offers authentic learning experiences for students, giving them greater understanding of the natural and technological world in which they live in
Most enjoyable and memorable of academic experiences for students
Importance in planning a field trip
The curriculum: Teacher must examine the curriculum and decide which experiences relate directly to the course
Surveying possible sites: Planning by making a list of field sites, beginning in the school, moving to the school grounds, streets, neighborhoods, community services, rural areas, small business, museums, small manufacturing plants and large industrial facilities
Administrative policy: Advisable to consult with the school administration so that teacher is informed about school policy
